Knowledge Base

Basic Linux Commands

Linux is a powerful operating system managed through the command line (terminal). Knowing the basic commands is essential for server management, software development, and system security. Here are the most commonly used basic Linux commands:

1. Directory and File Management

• ls → Lists files and folders in the current directory.

• cd [directory] → Changes to the specified directory.

• pwd → Shows the current directory path.

• mkdir [directory] → Creates a new folder.

• rm [file] → Deletes a file. (rm -r is used for folders.)

2. File Viewing

• cat [file] → Displays the file content.

• nano [file] → Opens the file with a simple text editor.

• less [file] → Views the file page by page.

3. System and Resource Management

• top → Displays running processes and system resources.

• ps aux → Lists all active processes.

• kill [PID] → Terminates the specified process.

• df -h → Shows disk usage.

• free -m → Displays memory usage in MB.

4. Networking

• ping [domain] → Tests connectivity to a server.

• ifconfig or ip addr → Lists network interfaces.

• curl [URL] → Fetches content from a given URL.

5. Package Management (Ubuntu/Debian)

• apt update → Updates package lists.

• apt upgrade → Installs available updates.

• apt install [package] → Installs a new package.

• apt remove [package] → Removes an installed package.

These commands cover the basics for managing Linux systems. For professional Linux hosting and server support, explore solutions at rox.net.tr.